The second and third bytes are the same as in the two-byte case. If it's a three-byte encoding, then the first byte '1110xxxx' has 4 free bits and can have 2 4 = 16 values. If it's a two-byte encoding, then the first byte '110xxxxx' has 5 free bits and can have 2 5 = 32 values, and the second byte '10xxxxxx' has 6 free bits and can have 2 6 = 64 values. Let's analyze which extended ASCII characters are used in each multi-byte mode. A four-byte Unicode symbol has the binary format '11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx' with 3+6+6+6=21 usable bits. A three-byte Unicode symbol has the binary format '1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx' with 4+6+6=16 usable bits. A two-byte Unicode symbol has the binary format '110xxxxx 10xxxxxx', where 'x' is a usable bit, so it has 5+6=11 usable bits. Characters that use more than one byte are represented as two, three, or four extended ASCII characters, one for each byte. If a symbol is encoded using just one byte, then the Unicode symbol will be exactly the same as the ASCII symbol and won't change its value when being converted to the ASCII encoding. Code points in the range from 65,536 to 1,114,111 use four bytes. Code points in the range from 2048 to 65,535 use three bytes. Code points in the range from 128 to 2047 use two bytes.

Code points in the range from 0 to 127 use one byte (actually less than that – only 7 bits). The browser's default encoding stores glyphs as sequences of one, two, three, or four bytes. A grapheme is usually a single glyph (such as a letter, number, ideogram, logogram, or an emoticon) but it can also be a combination of glyphs (such as text with combining characters). To do this, it first splits the Unicode data into graphemes and finds the code point values of each grapheme. This browser-based utility converts your Unicode data to the ASCII encoding.

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